References
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2. de Inocencio J. Musculoskeletal pain in primary pediatric care: analysis of 1000 consecutive general pediatric clinic visits. Pediatrics. Dec 1998;102(6):E63.
3. el-Shazly M, Trainor B, Kernohan WG, et al. Reliability of the Barlow and Ortolani tests for neonatal hip instability. J Med Screen. Jul 1994;1(3):165-168.
4. Finne PH, Dalen I, Ikonomou N, Ulimoen G, Hansen TW. Diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia in the newborn. Acta Orthop. Jun 2008;79(3):313-320.
5. Garcia-Mata S, Hidalgo-Ovejero A. Valgus slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Iowa Orthop J. 2010;30:191-194.
6. Gough-Palmer A, McHugh K. Investigating hip pain in a well child. BMJ. Jun 9 2007;334(7605):1216-1217.
7. Mandell GA. Nuclear Medicine in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 1999;3(3):289-316.
8. Paletta GA, Jr., Andrish JT. Injuries about the hip and pelvis in the young athlete. Clin Sports Med. Jul 1995;14(3):591-628.
9. Paton RW. Screening for hip abnormality in the neonate. Early Hum Dev. Oct 2005;81(10):803-806.
10. Rutz E, Brunner R. Septic arthritis of the hip - current concepts. Hip Int. Jan-Mar 2009;19 Suppl 6:S9-12.
11. Sass P, Hassan G. Lower extremity abnormalities in children. Am Fam Physician. Aug 1 2003;68(3):461-468.
12. Shindle MK, Marx RG, Kelly BT, Bisson L, Burke CJ, 3rd. Hockey injuries: a pediatric sport update. Curr Opin Pediatr. Feb 2010;22(1):54-60.
13. Staheli LT. In-toeing and out-toeing in children. J Fam Pract. May 1983;16(5):1005-1011.
14. Stein MT, Gottsegen D, Blasco PA, Wolraich M, Hennessy MJ. Chronic hip pain in a boy with mental retardation and cerebral palsy. J Dev Behav Pediatr. Apr 2010;31(3 Suppl):S86-91.
15. Swischuk LE. Pediatric hip pain. Emerg Radiol. Oct 2002;9(4):219-224.
16. Wall EJ. Practical primary pediatric orthopedics. Nurs Clin North Am. Mar 2000;35(1):95-113.
17. Waseem M, Raja A, Al-Husayni H. Hip pain in a child: myositis or appendicitis? Pediatr Emerg Care. Jun 2010;26(6):431-433.
2. de Inocencio J. Musculoskeletal pain in primary pediatric care: analysis of 1000 consecutive general pediatric clinic visits. Pediatrics. Dec 1998;102(6):E63.
3. el-Shazly M, Trainor B, Kernohan WG, et al. Reliability of the Barlow and Ortolani tests for neonatal hip instability. J Med Screen. Jul 1994;1(3):165-168.
4. Finne PH, Dalen I, Ikonomou N, Ulimoen G, Hansen TW. Diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia in the newborn. Acta Orthop. Jun 2008;79(3):313-320.
5. Garcia-Mata S, Hidalgo-Ovejero A. Valgus slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Iowa Orthop J. 2010;30:191-194.
6. Gough-Palmer A, McHugh K. Investigating hip pain in a well child. BMJ. Jun 9 2007;334(7605):1216-1217.
7. Mandell GA. Nuclear Medicine in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 1999;3(3):289-316.
8. Paletta GA, Jr., Andrish JT. Injuries about the hip and pelvis in the young athlete. Clin Sports Med. Jul 1995;14(3):591-628.
9. Paton RW. Screening for hip abnormality in the neonate. Early Hum Dev. Oct 2005;81(10):803-806.
10. Rutz E, Brunner R. Septic arthritis of the hip - current concepts. Hip Int. Jan-Mar 2009;19 Suppl 6:S9-12.
11. Sass P, Hassan G. Lower extremity abnormalities in children. Am Fam Physician. Aug 1 2003;68(3):461-468.
12. Shindle MK, Marx RG, Kelly BT, Bisson L, Burke CJ, 3rd. Hockey injuries: a pediatric sport update. Curr Opin Pediatr. Feb 2010;22(1):54-60.
13. Staheli LT. In-toeing and out-toeing in children. J Fam Pract. May 1983;16(5):1005-1011.
14. Stein MT, Gottsegen D, Blasco PA, Wolraich M, Hennessy MJ. Chronic hip pain in a boy with mental retardation and cerebral palsy. J Dev Behav Pediatr. Apr 2010;31(3 Suppl):S86-91.
15. Swischuk LE. Pediatric hip pain. Emerg Radiol. Oct 2002;9(4):219-224.
16. Wall EJ. Practical primary pediatric orthopedics. Nurs Clin North Am. Mar 2000;35(1):95-113.
17. Waseem M, Raja A, Al-Husayni H. Hip pain in a child: myositis or appendicitis? Pediatr Emerg Care. Jun 2010;26(6):431-433.
Secondary Sources
18. Davis KW. Imaging pediatric sports injuries: lower extremity. Radiol Clin North Am. Nov 2010;48(6):1213-1235.
19. DeLee and Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders; 2006.
20. Frick SL. Evaluation of the child who has hip pain. Orthop Clin North Am. Apr 2006;37(2):133-140, v.
21. Harcke HT, Grissom LE. Pediatric hip sonography. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Radiol Clin North Am. Jul 1999;37(4):787-796.
22. Houghton KM. Review for the generalist: evaluation of pediatric hip pain. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2009;7:10.
23. Kim HK. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Nov 2010;18(11):676-686.
24. Livingston
25. Witt C. Detecting developmental dysplasia of the hip. Adv Neonatal Care. Apr 2003;3(2):65-75.
19. DeLee and Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders; 2006.
20. Frick SL. Evaluation of the child who has hip pain. Orthop Clin North Am. Apr 2006;37(2):133-140, v.
21. Harcke HT, Grissom LE. Pediatric hip sonography. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Radiol Clin North Am. Jul 1999;37(4):787-796.
22. Houghton KM. Review for the generalist: evaluation of pediatric hip pain. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2009;7:10.
23. Kim HK. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Nov 2010;18(11):676-686.
24. Livingston
25. Witt C. Detecting developmental dysplasia of the hip. Adv Neonatal Care. Apr 2003;3(2):65-75.
Image Index
1. http://www.chanorthopaedics.com.sg/patient-educations/hip-pain/pediatric-hip
2. http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/musculoskeletal/hip-dysplasia4.htm
3. http://www.jlgh.org/Departments/Depart3_v4i1.aspx
4. http://www.nature.com/bmt/journal/v33/n12/full/1704514a.html
5. http://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1035/hip-dislocation
6. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00392
7. http://www.ultrasound-images.com/musculoskeletal.htm
8. http://www.rehaboutlet.com/goniometers.htm
9. http://www0.sun.ac.za/ortho/webct-ortho/int-rot/internal-rotational-deformities-of-the-lower-limb.html
10. http://www.orthobullets.com/pediatrics/4060/internal-tibial-torsion
11. http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/748/diagnosis/step-by-step.html
12. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9052.htm
13. http://www.cssd.us/body.cfm?id=512
14. http://www.cssd.us/body.cfm?id=512
15. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0201/p215.html
16. http://www.jfponline.com/Pages.asp?AID=8993&issue=October_2010&UID=
17. http://stemcelldoc.wordpress.com/2009/03/10/trendelenburg-test/
18. http://www.orthoteers.com/%28S%28rtgve1rkzhsn0w1yresxqzq3%29%29/mainpage.aspx?section=23
19. http://stewy6.com/synapse/?tag=neurovascular-examination
20. http://www.search.com/reference/Muscles_of_the_hip
21. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.conquestchronicles.com/images/admin/Hip_Pointer.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.conquestchronicles.com/pages/hip_pointer&usg=__ccRvrPqmxsizZGqHK24y0XN03n4=&h=319&w=300&sz=19&hl=en&&zoom=1&tbnid=bGK1Buze-9LPaM:&tbnh=153&tbnw=164&ei=CZAcTpXjIsvpgQfFtZ3dCQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhip%2Bpointer%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den %26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D681%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=193&vpy=118&dur=878&hovh=232&hovw=218&tx=167&ty=101&page=1&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0
22. https://members.kaiserpermanente.org/kpweb/healthency.do?hwid=tp12420§ionId=tp12420-sec&contextId=groin
23. http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/orthopaedics/ddh.html
24. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19588.htm
25. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9216.htm
26. http://confessionsofthechromosomallyenhanced.blogspot.com/2011/06/christmas-in-therapy-world.html
27. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&safe=active&client=firefox-a&hs=Qni&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=down+syndrome+hip+dislocation&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&biw=996&bih=688&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi#q=down+syndrome+flexibility&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=isch&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=ce448a751214eb2f&biw=1280&bih=681
28. http://www0.sun.ac.za/ortho/webct-ortho/osteitis/osteitis.html
29. https://picasaweb.google.com/imedRx/HighYieldRadiologyXRaysImages#5268075672183351682
30. http://www.orthopediatrics.com/docs/Guides/septic_arthritis.html
31. http://www.concordortho.com/patient-education/topic-detail-popup.aspx?topicID=6a26de92736dcf94633a09ceeee6aee7
32. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://dailymedico.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/698_image.gif&imgrefurl=http://dailymedico.com/2011/05/symptoms-and-treatment-of-acute-appendicitis/698_image/&usg=__LoXi_FAi7Uy_OAaMg5w_JI4sFdk=&h=308&w=420&sz=25&hl=en&&sig2=_Heb6FnkiRtMRjwc1RHbyg&zoom=1&tbnid=D40W5ajFOASIqM:&tbnh=153&tbnw=209&ei=t54cTo64HYLi0QG78M26Bw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dappendicitis%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D685%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=335&vpy=305&dur=29109&hovh=192&hovw=262&tx=116&ty=51&page=2&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:15&biw=1280&bih=685
33. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SalterHarris.png
34. http://www.seibertdc.com/Content-2/Case+Study.html
35. http://manningphysicaltherapy.net/Injuries-Conditions/Pediatric/Pediatric-Issues/Guide-for-Transient-Synovitis-of-the-Hip-in-Children/a~3061/article.html
36. http://www.radsource.us/clinic/0806
37. http://kidshometherapy.wordpress.com/category/intoeing-or-pigeon-toed-walking/femoral-anteversion/
38. http://www.answers.com/topic/genu-valgum
39. http://www.answers.com/topic/genu-valgum
40. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000215/1011_f5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000215/1011.html&usg=__kSqxo9EC1ZUseoou8GbY29yi6iE=&h=181&w=149&sz=14&hl=en&&sig2=-iqWbC5KSYHCNBzBR9_RaQ&zoom=1&tbnid=TxqcW1N0exj6LM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=113&ei=644cTvGXJInz0gGn2OTyBw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpediatric%2Bleg%2Blength%2Bdiscrepancy%26hl%3 Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D685%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=581&vpy=320&dur=3000&hovh=144&hovw=119&tx=102&ty=75&page=1&ndsp=34&ved=1t:429,r:29,s:0&biw=1280&bih=685
41. http://www.cssd.us/body.cfm?id=513
42. http://www.orthopaedia.com/display/Main/Osteoid+osteoma
43. http://sarcoma.ws/index.php?db=content/Bonecancer&tbl=Bone_Tumors&id=13
44. http://sarcoma.ws/index.php?db=content/Bonecancer&tbl=Bone_Tumors&id=13
2. http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/musculoskeletal/hip-dysplasia4.htm
3. http://www.jlgh.org/Departments/Depart3_v4i1.aspx
4. http://www.nature.com/bmt/journal/v33/n12/full/1704514a.html
5. http://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1035/hip-dislocation
6. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00392
7. http://www.ultrasound-images.com/musculoskeletal.htm
8. http://www.rehaboutlet.com/goniometers.htm
9. http://www0.sun.ac.za/ortho/webct-ortho/int-rot/internal-rotational-deformities-of-the-lower-limb.html
10. http://www.orthobullets.com/pediatrics/4060/internal-tibial-torsion
11. http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/748/diagnosis/step-by-step.html
12. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9052.htm
13. http://www.cssd.us/body.cfm?id=512
14. http://www.cssd.us/body.cfm?id=512
15. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0201/p215.html
16. http://www.jfponline.com/Pages.asp?AID=8993&issue=October_2010&UID=
17. http://stemcelldoc.wordpress.com/2009/03/10/trendelenburg-test/
18. http://www.orthoteers.com/%28S%28rtgve1rkzhsn0w1yresxqzq3%29%29/mainpage.aspx?section=23
19. http://stewy6.com/synapse/?tag=neurovascular-examination
20. http://www.search.com/reference/Muscles_of_the_hip
21. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.conquestchronicles.com/images/admin/Hip_Pointer.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.conquestchronicles.com/pages/hip_pointer&usg=__ccRvrPqmxsizZGqHK24y0XN03n4=&h=319&w=300&sz=19&hl=en&&zoom=1&tbnid=bGK1Buze-9LPaM:&tbnh=153&tbnw=164&ei=CZAcTpXjIsvpgQfFtZ3dCQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhip%2Bpointer%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den %26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D681%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=193&vpy=118&dur=878&hovh=232&hovw=218&tx=167&ty=101&page=1&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0
22. https://members.kaiserpermanente.org/kpweb/healthency.do?hwid=tp12420§ionId=tp12420-sec&contextId=groin
23. http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/orthopaedics/ddh.html
24. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19588.htm
25. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9216.htm
26. http://confessionsofthechromosomallyenhanced.blogspot.com/2011/06/christmas-in-therapy-world.html
27. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&safe=active&client=firefox-a&hs=Qni&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=down+syndrome+hip+dislocation&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&biw=996&bih=688&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi#q=down+syndrome+flexibility&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=isch&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=ce448a751214eb2f&biw=1280&bih=681
28. http://www0.sun.ac.za/ortho/webct-ortho/osteitis/osteitis.html
29. https://picasaweb.google.com/imedRx/HighYieldRadiologyXRaysImages#5268075672183351682
30. http://www.orthopediatrics.com/docs/Guides/septic_arthritis.html
31. http://www.concordortho.com/patient-education/topic-detail-popup.aspx?topicID=6a26de92736dcf94633a09ceeee6aee7
32. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://dailymedico.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/698_image.gif&imgrefurl=http://dailymedico.com/2011/05/symptoms-and-treatment-of-acute-appendicitis/698_image/&usg=__LoXi_FAi7Uy_OAaMg5w_JI4sFdk=&h=308&w=420&sz=25&hl=en&&sig2=_Heb6FnkiRtMRjwc1RHbyg&zoom=1&tbnid=D40W5ajFOASIqM:&tbnh=153&tbnw=209&ei=t54cTo64HYLi0QG78M26Bw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dappendicitis%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D685%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=335&vpy=305&dur=29109&hovh=192&hovw=262&tx=116&ty=51&page=2&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:15&biw=1280&bih=685
33. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SalterHarris.png
34. http://www.seibertdc.com/Content-2/Case+Study.html
35. http://manningphysicaltherapy.net/Injuries-Conditions/Pediatric/Pediatric-Issues/Guide-for-Transient-Synovitis-of-the-Hip-in-Children/a~3061/article.html
36. http://www.radsource.us/clinic/0806
37. http://kidshometherapy.wordpress.com/category/intoeing-or-pigeon-toed-walking/femoral-anteversion/
38. http://www.answers.com/topic/genu-valgum
39. http://www.answers.com/topic/genu-valgum
40. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000215/1011_f5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000215/1011.html&usg=__kSqxo9EC1ZUseoou8GbY29yi6iE=&h=181&w=149&sz=14&hl=en&&sig2=-iqWbC5KSYHCNBzBR9_RaQ&zoom=1&tbnid=TxqcW1N0exj6LM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=113&ei=644cTvGXJInz0gGn2OTyBw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpediatric%2Bleg%2Blength%2Bdiscrepancy%26hl%3 Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D685%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=581&vpy=320&dur=3000&hovh=144&hovw=119&tx=102&ty=75&page=1&ndsp=34&ved=1t:429,r:29,s:0&biw=1280&bih=685
41. http://www.cssd.us/body.cfm?id=513
42. http://www.orthopaedia.com/display/Main/Osteoid+osteoma
43. http://sarcoma.ws/index.php?db=content/Bonecancer&tbl=Bone_Tumors&id=13
44. http://sarcoma.ws/index.php?db=content/Bonecancer&tbl=Bone_Tumors&id=13
